# Types of Software Testing # πŸ§ͺTypes of Software Testing – Categorized by Aspects ## βœ… By Execution Approach ### πŸ”Ή Manual Testing * Testing performed manually without automation tools. * Testers execute test cases, observe behavior, and report bugs. * Best suited for exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc testing. ### πŸ”Ή Automation Testing * Testing done using tools/scripts (e.g., Selenium, TestNG). * Ideal for repetitive and regression tests. * Saves time in the long run but requires initial scripting effort. --- ## 🧱 By Visibility (Code Access) ### πŸ”Ή Black Box Testing * No access to source code. * Focus is on input-output behavior of the application. * Example: Validating login functionality via UI. ### πŸ”Ή White Box Testing * Full access to internal code logic. * Performed mostly by developers (e.g., unit testing). * Example: Validating loops and code paths. ### πŸ”Ή Gray Box Testing * Partial knowledge of the codebase. * Combines black box and white box approaches. * Example: Testing UI with knowledge of database schema. --- ## 🎯 By Objective ### πŸ”Ή Functional Testing * Ensures features work as per business requirements. * Includes unit, integration, system, smoke, sanity, and UAT testing. ### πŸ”Ή Non-Functional Testing * Evaluates performance, usability, security, and reliability. * Examples: Load Testing, Security Testing, Compatibility Testing. --- ## ⏱️ By Timing / Stage ### πŸ”Ή Alpha Testing * Done by internal teams before release. * Simulates real usage in a controlled environment. ### πŸ”Ή Beta Testing * Performed by actual users in real environments. * Helps uncover issues before official release. ### πŸ”Ή User Acceptance Testing (UAT) * Conducted by clients/business users. * Validates the system meets business needs and is ready for production. --- ## πŸ“¦ By Scope ### πŸ”Ή Static Testing * Testing without executing code. * Involves document reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections. ### πŸ”Ή Dynamic Testing * Testing with code execution. * Validates actual system behavior and logic. --- ## 🧠 Other Types ### πŸ”Ή Exploratory Testing * No predefined test cases. * Tester learns and tests simultaneously. * Great for early-stage or unstructured testing. ### πŸ”Ή Ad-hoc Testing * Informal, unplanned testing. * Relies on tester's experience and intuition. ### πŸ”Ή End-to-End (E2E) Testing * Validates complete user workflows from start to finish. * Example: Login β†’ Add to Cart β†’ Checkout β†’ Payment β†’ Logout. --- > βœ… This structured categorization helps in understanding the breadth of testing types used across various stages and scopes in software development.